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What is AADHAAR:
Aadhaar is a 12 digit unique-identity number issued to all Indian residents based on their biometric and demographic data. The data is collected by the unique identification Authority of India (UIDAI). Aadhaar is the world's largest biometric ID system, with over 1.19 billion enrolled members as of 30 Nov 2017.As of this date, over 99% of Indians aged 18 and above had been enrolled in Aadhaar. World Bank Chief Economist Paul Romer described Aadhaar as "the most sophisticated ID programmed in the world. However owing to increasing concerns around privacy, the potential for surveillance, and exclusion of eligible beneficiaries from welfare schemes from the leveraging of Aadhaar based systems, the Aadhaar project's validity is being challenged in the Supreme Court of India
PURPOSE OF AADHAAR:
The main purpose is the data is collected by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI),a statutory authority established in January 2009 by the Government of India, under the Ministry of Electronics and Information technology, under the provisions of the Aadhaar. Aadhaar is a proof of residence and not a proof of citizenship. It does not itself grant any rights to domicile in India. In June 2017, the Home Minister clarified that Aadhaar is not a valid identification document for Indians travelling to Nepal and Bhutan. Despite the comparisons, India's Aadhaar project is nothing like America's Social Security number as it has more uses and fewer safeguards.
The UIDAI was established on 28 January 2009 after the Planning Commission issued a notification. On 23 June 2009, Nandan Nilekani, the co-founder of Infosys, was appointed by the then government, UPA to head the project. He was given the newly created position of the Chairman of UIDAI which was equivalent to a Cabinet minister. In April 2010, the logo and the brand name Aadhaar card was launched by Nilekani. In May 2010, Nilekani said he would support a legislation to protect the data held by the UIDAI
In July 2010, UIDAI published a list 15 of agencies which were qualified to provide training to personnel to be involved in the enrolment process. It also published a list of 220 agencies which were qualified to take part in the enrolment process. Before this, the project had been only 20 states and with LIC of India and State Bank of India as qualified registrars. This announcement introduced several private firms. It was estimated that to achieve the target of enrolling 40% of the population in two years, 31,019 personnel would be required and 155 training centres would be required to train them. It was also estimated that 4,431 enrolment centres and 22,157 enrolment stations would have to be established.
On 7 February 2012, the UIDAI launched an online verification system for Aadhaar numbers. Using the system banks, telecom companies and government departments could enter an Aadhaar number and verify if the person was a resident of India
IMPORTANCE OF AADHAAR:
Aadhaar project has been linked to some public subsidy and unemployment benefit schemes like the domestic LPG scheme and MGNREGA. In these Direct Benefit Transfer schemes, the subsidy money is directly transferred to a bank account which is Aadhaar-linked. However, direct-benefit transfer was carried out quite successfully in the past via the National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) system which did not depend on Aadhaar.
On 29 July 2011, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas signed a memorandum of understanding with UIDAI. The Ministry had hoped the ID system would help them eliminate loss of the subsidized kerosene and LPG. In May 2012, the government announced that it will begin issuing Aadhaar-linked MGNREGS cards. On 26 November 2012, a pilot project was launched in 51 districts.
Under the original policy for liquified petroleum gas subsidies, the customers bought gas cylinders from retailers at subsidised prices, and the government compensated companies for their losses. Under the current Direct Benefit Transfer of LPG (DBTL), introduced in 2013, customers had to buy at the full price, and the subsidy would be then directly credited to their Aadhaar-linked bank accounts. This scheme, however, did not take off, as in September 2013, a Supreme Court order put a halt on it. Subsequently, GOI constituted a committee to review the "Direct Benefits Transfer for LPG Scheme" to study the shortcomings in the scheme and recommend changes. The DBTL scheme was modified later as PAHAL by the new government in November 2014. Under PAHAL, subsidies could be credited to one's bank account even if the one did not have an Aadhaar number. Official data show that cooking gas consumption during the January–June period grew at a slower 7.82%, nearly four percentage points less than 11.4% growth in the same period last year.
The PAHAL scheme has covered 118.9 million of the 145.4 million active LPG consumers till March, as stated by the Petroleum Minister in the Parliament. Thereby, the DBT has become a "game changer" for India, claimed the Chief Economic Adviser to the Finance Ministry, Government of India, Arvind Subramanian, for in case of LPG subsidy, DBT had resulted in a 24% reduction in the sale of subsidized LPG, as "ghost beneficiaries" had been excluded. The savings to the government were to the tune of 127 billion (US$2.0 billion) in 2014-15.The success of the modified scheme helped fuel marketing companies save almost 80 billion (US$1.2 billion) from November 2014 to June 2015, said oil company officials. The DBT for the public distribution system (PDS) will be rolled out in September 2015.
The governments own data however suggests that the cost of implementing the DBT for LPG was over a million dollars, a figure quite at odds with the savings figures that the government cites.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has asked for integration of all land records with Aadhaar at the earliest, emphasizing at his monthly PRAGATI (Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation) meeting on 23 March 2016 that this is extremely important to monitor the successful implementation of the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana or crop insurance scheme.
USE OF AADHAAR:
The Aadhaar card is usually simply printed on glossy paper, and the government has stated black and white copies are valid. Some agencies charge extra to laminate the document. Other agencies have been reported charging 50 to 200 to produce a PVC version of the card, and it is marketed by them as a smart card, despite having no official validity and no chip.
Certain mobile apps claim to verify an Aadhaar card using a QR code scanner. However the QR code is not a secure representation of an Aadhaar card either and can be copied and edited. The only way to validate an Aadhaar card is to perform an online validation that will confirm that the card number is valid, confirm the postal code and gender of the holder (but not their name or photo). In theory this means that is possible to create a false Aadhaar card using the number of a genuine holder from the same postal code with the same gender, with the card subject to a number of cases of counterfeiting.
The digital document itself is self-signed by a non-internationally recognized certificate authority (n)Code Solutions, a division of Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers Company Ltd (GNFC)and needs to be manually installed on the PC. This is despite Entrust assisting on the development of the solution for more details visit aadhaar card official website https://eaadhaar.uidai.gov.in
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